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      View detailsExcimer Laser Gas--Huate Gas is a leading player

      Introduction

      Excimer lasers are pivotal in driving advancements across multiple industries, from the intricate world of semiconductor manufacturing to life-changing medical procedures like LASIK eye surgery. These lasers rely on specialized excimer laser gases to produce precise ultraviolet (UV) light, enabling applications that demand unparalleled accuracy. Guangdong Huate Gas Co., Ltd., a leading name in the specialty gas industry, provides high-quality excimer laser gases that meet the exacting standards of these cutting-edge technologies. With certifications from industry giants ASML, Gigaphoton, and Coherent, and a global footprint spanning over 50 countries and regions, Guangdong Huate Gas Co Ltd is a trusted partner for businesses seeking reliable, high-performance gas solutions.

      The Critical Role of Excimer Laser Gas

      Excimer lasers, named for "excited dimers," are gas lasers that generate ultraviolet light through the interaction of noble gases (such as argon, krypton, or xenon) and halogens (like fluorine or chlorine), often with buffer gases like helium or neon. These gas mixtures are critical to the laser’s ability to produce specific wavelengths of UV light, typically ranging from 157 nm to 351 nm, depending on the gas combination. The key applications of excimer lasers include:

      • Semiconductor Manufacturing: Excimer lasers, particularly argon fluoride (ArF) lasers emitting at 193 nm, are essential for photolithography, enabling the creation of intricate circuit patterns on silicon wafers. This process is critical for producing modern microchips with feature sizes as small as 7 nm.

      • Medical Applications: In ophthalmology, excimer lasers are used in LASIK surgery to precisely reshape corneal tissue, correcting vision with minimal damage to surrounding areas. Xenon chloride (XeCl) lasers, emitting at 308 nm, are also used in dermatology for treatments like psoriasis and vitiligo.

      • Materials Processing: Excimer lasers are employed in micromachining, surface treatment, and pulsed laser deposition, where their precision allows for the creation of fine features in materials like polymers and ceramics.

      The performance of excimer lasers hinges on the quality, purity, and stability of the gas mixture. Impurities or inconsistencies can lead to reduced laser efficiency, unstable output, or shortened equipment lifespan. Huate Gas’s expertise in producing high-purity excimer laser gases ensures optimal performance for these demanding applications.

      Huate Gas’s Expertise and Industry Certifications

      Founded in 1999 in Foshan, Guangdong, Huate Gas has grown into one of China’s largest private specialty gas suppliers, with a strong focus on research, development, and production of gases for high-tech industries. Their excimer laser gases are certified by leading companies in the semiconductor and laser industries, including:

      Certifying Body

      Industry Role

      Significance of Certification

      ASML

      Global leader in semiconductor lithography equipment

      Ensures Huate Gas’s gases meet the stringent requirements for photolithography systems, critical for producing advanced microchips.

      Gigaphoton

      Major manufacturer of lithography light sources

      Validates Huate Gas’s ability to supply gases for high-performance ArF and KrF lasers used in semiconductor manufacturing.

      Coherent

      Renowned for advanced laser systems

      Confirms Huate Gas’s gases are compatible with Coherent’s excimer laser systems, used in medical and industrial applications.

      These certifications, while not detailed in public sources, are likely a testament to Huate Gas’s ability to deliver gases with the purity, precision, and reliability required for advanced laser systems. This recognition positions Huate Gas as a trusted supplier for industries where performance and safety are non-negotiable.

      Global Reach and Market Trust

      Huate Gas’s commitment to quality has earned it a global reputation, with products exported to over 50 countries and regions, including key markets like the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam. This extensive reach reflects Huate Gas’s ability to meet the diverse needs of a global clientele, from small-scale enterprises to large multinational corporations. Their success in serving such a broad market is driven by:

      • Consistent Quality: Huate Gas’s rigorous quality control processes ensure that their excimer laser gases meet international standards, fostering trust among global customers.

      • Customer-Centric Approach: The company’s philosophy of “customer success, self-improvement” drives its efforts to provide tailored solutions and responsive support.

      • Robust Supply Chain: With subsidiaries in multiple regions, including Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Hong Kong, Huate Gas ensures reliable delivery and service worldwide.

      This global presence underscores Huate Gas’s reliability and adaptability, making it a preferred partner for businesses operating in high-tech industries.

      Tailored Premixes for Leading Brands

      Huate Gas goes beyond standard gas mixtures by offering premixed excimer laser gases tailored for specific applications. Notably, they supply premixes compatible with leading brands such as Visx and Nidek, which are renowned in the medical and industrial sectors:

      • Visx: A pioneer in LASIK technology, Visx systems rely on precise excimer laser gases to achieve the accuracy required for vision correction procedures.

      • Nidek: Known for its advanced ophthalmic equipment, Nidek’s excimer lasers benefit from Huate Gas’s high-purity premixes, ensuring consistent performance in medical applications.

      These premixes are designed to optimize laser performance, providing the stability and precision needed for critical operations. Huate Gas’s ability to cater to these reputable brands highlights its technical expertise and commitment to meeting industry-specific requirements.

      Commitment to Innovation and Sustainability

      Huate Gas’s success is rooted in its dedication to research and development. The company holds 87 authorized patents and has participated in formulating 28 national standards, demonstrating its leadership in the gas industry. Notable projects include:

      • National Major Science and Technology Project: Huate Gas contributed to the “R&D and Pilot Test of High-Purity Trifluoromethane,” a critical gas for semiconductor applications.

      • Guangdong Provincial Projects: Initiatives like the “Development and Application of Fluorocarbon Series Gas Products for Semiconductor Materials” and “Special Gases for Flat Panel Displays” showcase Huate Gas’s focus on high-tech industries.

      Additionally, Huate Gas emphasizes sustainability, aligning with global trends toward environmentally responsible practices. Their efforts to reduce operational costs and environmental impact resonate with customers seeking sustainable solutions.

      Conclusion

      Huate Gas’s excimer laser gases are a cornerstone of precision and innovation in industries ranging from semiconductor manufacturing to medical treatments. Certified by ASML, Gigaphoton, and Coherent, and trusted in over 50 countries, Huate Gas delivers high-quality, reliable gas mixtures that meet the demands of advanced laser systems. Their tailored premixes for brands like Visx and Nidek further demonstrate their ability to provide specialized solutions for critical applications. By choosing Huate Gas, businesses gain a partner committed to excellence, innovation, and global reliability, ensuring success in the fast-evolving world of high-tech industries.

      View detailsStainless steel drum: A key to prevent the polymerization of Ethylene Oxide

      Introduction

      Ethylene oxide (EO) is a critical chemical in industries ranging from chemical manufacturing to medical sterilization. As a highly reactive, flammable gas, EO is used to produce ethylene glycol, surfactants, and as a sterilizing agent for medical equipment. However, its reactivity introduces significant safety challenges, particularly the risk of polymerization, which can lead to violent exothermic reactions, fires, or explosions. To mitigate these risks, proper storage is essential, and stainless steel drums, particularly our 800L stainless steel drums, have emerged as a vital solution for preventing EO polymerization while ensuring safety and compliance.

      Understanding Ethylene Oxide and Its Risks

      Ethylene oxide (C2H4O) is a colorless gas with a sweet, ether-like odor. It is highly reactive, soluble in water, and flammable, with a wide explosive range (3% to 100% by volume in air). Its primary uses include:

      • Chemical Production: Approximately 75% of EO is used to produce ethylene glycol, a key component in antifreeze and polyester manufacturing.
      • Sterilization: EO is widely used in the healthcare industry for sterilizing heat- and moisture-sensitive medical devices due to its compatibility with materials like plastics and electronics.
      • Other Applications: EO is used in fumigation, cosmetics, and the production of surfactants and ethanolamines.

      The reactivity of EO makes it prone to polymerization, a process where EO molecules combine to form polyethylene oxide. This reaction can be initiated by catalysts such as acids, bases, or certain metal ions (e.g., Fe3+, Cr3+). Polymerization is exothermic and can escalate rapidly, leading to pressure buildup, container rupture, or explosions. The International Labour Organization notes that EO "may polymerize violently" after initiation by heat, acids, or metal chlorides, highlighting the need for careful storage practices.

      The Role of Material Selection in EO Storage

      The choice of storage material is critical for preventing EO polymerization. Materials like cast iron, magnesium alloys, or mercury alloys are prohibited because they can catalyze polymerization or decomposition reactions. In contrast, stainless steel, particularly grades 304 and 316L, is recommended due to its unique properties:

      • Inertness: Stainless steel does not react with EO, reducing the risk of initiating polymerization. Unlike reactive metals, it lacks catalytic sites that could trigger unwanted chemical reactions.
      • Corrosion Resistance: EO can be corrosive, especially in the presence of moisture or contaminants. Stainless steel’s high chromium content forms a passive oxide layer, protecting the drum from corrosion and maintaining its integrity over time.
      • Durability: Stainless steel drums are robust, capable of withstanding the pressure and temperature variations encountered during EO storage and transportation.
      • Hygienic Design: The smooth, crevice-free surface of stainless steel drums is easy to clean, preventing contamination that could initiate polymerization.

      According to the International Labour Organization, suitable materials for EO containers include stainless steel, aluminum 3003, zinc, nickel, copper, Teflon, ceramics, or glass. Among these, stainless steel is preferred for industrial applications due to its strength, durability, and widespread availability.

      Why Stainless Steel Prevents Polymerization

      Stainless steel’s ability to prevent EO polymerization stems from its chemical inertness. Polymerization of EO is often catalyzed by metal ions or impurities, as noted in studies on polyethylene oxide synthesis, where metal ions like Fe3+ and Cr3+ can degrade polymer chains or initiate reactions. Stainless steel, particularly 316L, contains a high percentage of chromium and nickel, which form a stable, non-reactive surface. This minimizes the introduction of catalytic impurities that could trigger polymerization.

      Additionally, stainless steel drums can be designed to maintain a controlled environment, such as a nitrogen-inerted atmosphere, which further reduces the risk of polymerization. The Huate Gas Ethylene Oxide Manual emphasizes the use of nitrogen blanketing to maintain a non-decomposable vapor space, highlighting the importance of an inert storage environment.

      The 800L Stainless Steel Drum: A Tailored Solution

      Our 800L stainless steel drums are specifically engineered for the safe storage and transportation of ethylene oxide in the gas business. These drums are constructed from high-quality 304L stainless steel, which offers superior corrosion resistance compared to carbon steel, making it ideal for handling reactive chemicals like EO. The key features of our 800L drums include:

      Feature Description
      Material 304L stainless steel, offering maximum corrosion resistance and inertness.
      Capacity 800 liters, ideal for bulk storage and transportation of EO.
      Design Robust construction with secure closures to prevent leaks and ensure safety.
      Compliance Meets industry standards, such as UN ratings for hazardous materials and NFPA 560 guidelines for EO storage.
      Durability Long-lasting and reusable, reducing operational costs and environmental impact.

      These drums are designed to handle the unique challenges of EO storage, including maintaining low temperatures (typically 0–5°C) to slow polymerization reactions and ensuring a sealed, contamination-free environment. The hygienic, crevice-free interior minimizes the risk of residue buildup, which could introduce catalysts.

      Industry Standards and Best Practices

      Several industry standards and guidelines underscore the importance of proper material selection and storage conditions for EO:

      • NFPA 560: The National Fire Protection Association’s standard for EO storage and handling recommends metal drums, with stainless steel being a preferred choice due to its compatibility and durability.
      • OSHA Guidelines: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration emphasizes storing EO in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from ignition sources and incompatible materials.
      • EPA Regulations: The Environmental Protection Agency highlights the need for robust storage solutions to minimize fugitive emissions and ensure worker safety.

      Our 800L stainless steel drums comply with these standards, offering a reliable solution for businesses in the EO gas industry. They are GB-rated for hazardous materials, ensuring safe transportation and storage.

      Additional Safety Measures

      While stainless steel drums are critical for preventing polymerization, other storage practices enhance safety:

      • Temperature Control: Maintaining EO at 0–5°C, as recommended by Wuxi Weiheng Chemical Co., Ltd., slows polymerization and reduces vaporization losses. Refrigerated storage can be facilitated by external cooling systems or internal coils.
      • Inert Atmosphere: Nitrogen blanketing, as outlined in the LyondellBasell manual, prevents the formation of flammable or reactive vapor mixtures.
      • Backflow Prevention: Using multiple check valves or automatic isolation systems prevents contamination from backflow, which could introduce catalysts.
      • Monitoring Systems: Stainless steel tubing in instrumentation reduces polymer plugging, ensuring accurate monitoring of pressure and temperature.

      Conclusion

      In the ethylene oxide gas business, safety and reliability are paramount. Our 800L stainless steel drums provide an effective solution for preventing the polymerization of ethylene oxide, thanks to their inertness, corrosion resistance, and robust design. By eliminating catalytic risks and maintaining a controlled storage environment, these drums ensure the safety of personnel, protect the environment, and comply with stringent industry standards. Investing in our 800L stainless steel drums is a strategic choice for businesses seeking to handle ethylene oxide with confidence and efficiency.


      View details260 kinds of molecule and application(encyclopedia)

      1. Nitrogen, formula: N₂, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas, online instrument
      standard gas, calibration gas, zero - point gas, balance gas. It is applied in epitaxy, diffusion,
      chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation, plasma dry etching, photolithography, annealing,
      lap jointing, sintering and other processes during the preparation of semiconductor devices. It
      is also used in industries such as electrical appliances, food packaging, and chemistry.
      2. Oxygen, formula: O₂, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used as standard gas, online instrument
      standard gas, calibration gas, zero - point gas. It is used as medical gas. In the preparation
      process of semiconductor devices, it is applied in thermal oxidation, diffusion, chemical vapor
      deposition, plasma dry etching and other processes. It is also used in the production of optical
      fibers.
      3. Argon, formula: Ar, purity > 99.999, Application: Used as standard gas, zero - point gas, balance
      gas. It is used in processes like crystal growth, thermal oxidation, epitaxy, diffusion, nitridation,
      sputtering, plasma dry etching, carrier flow, annealing, lap jointing, sintering in the preparation
      of semiconductor devices. It is also used in special and industrial gas mixtures.
      4. Hydrogen, formula: H₂, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas, zero - point gas,
      balance gas, calibration gas, online instrument standard gas. In the preparation of semiconductor
      devices, it is applied in crystal growth, thermal oxidation, epitaxy, diffusion, polysilicon
      production, tungstenization, ion implantation, carrier flow, sintering and other processes. It is
      also used in industries such as chemistry and metallurgy.
      5. Helium, formula: He, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas, zero - point gas,
      balance gas, calibration gas, medical gas. It is used in processes like crystal growth, plasma dry
      etching, carrier flow in the preparation of semiconductor devices. It is also commonly used in
      special and industrial gas mixtures.
      6. Chlorine, formula: Cl₂, purity > 99.96%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas. It is
      used in processes such as crystal growth, plasma dry etching, thermal oxidation in the
      preparation of semiconductor devices. It is also used in water purification, bleaching of pulp
      and textiles, sanitation treatment of industrial waste, sewage, and swimming pools, and in the
      preparation of many chemical products.
      7. Fluorine, formula: F₂, purity > 98%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching during the
      preparation of semiconductor devices. It is also used in the preparation of uranium hexafluoride,
      sulfur hexafluoride, boron trifluoride, and metal fluorides.
      8. Ammonia, formula: NH₃, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas,
      online instrument standard gas. It is used in the nitridation process of semiconductor device
      preparation. It is also used in industries such as refrigeration, fertilizers, petroleum, mining, and
      rubber.
      9. Hydrogen Chloride, formula: HCl, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used as standard gas. It is
      used in processes such as epitaxy, thermal oxidation, diffusion in the preparation of
      semiconductor devices. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the hydrochlorination
      reaction of rubber and in the oxychlorination process when producing vinyl and alkyl chlorides.
      10. Nitric Oxide, formula: NO, purity > 99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas. It
      is used in the chemical vapor deposition process of semiconductor device preparation. It is also
      used in the preparation of standard gas mixtures for monitoring air pollution.
      11. Carbon Dioxide, formula: CO₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas, online
      instrument standard gas, calibration gas. It is used in oxidation and carrier - flow processes
      during the preparation of semiconductor devices. It is also used in special gas mixtures, power
      generation, gas displacement treatment, as a diluent for sterilizing gases, fire extinguishers, food
      freezing, metal cold treatment, beverage carbonation, aerosol propellants, and food storage
      protection gas.
      12. Nitrous Oxide, formula: N₂O, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas, medical
      gas. It is used in the chemical vapor deposition process of semiconductor device preparation, as
      a medical anesthetic, aerosol propellant, and for vacuum and pressure leak detection. It is also
      used in infrared spectrometers.
      13. Hydrogen Sulfide, formula: H₂S, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas,
      calibration gas. It is used in plasma dry etching during the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      In the chemical industry, it is used to prepare sulfides such as sodium sulfide and organic
      sulfides. It is used as a solvent and for quantitative analysis in laboratories.
      14. Carbon Tetrachloride, formula: CCl₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas. It is
      used in processes such as epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition in the preparation of
      semiconductor devices. It is also used as a solvent, organic chlorinating agent, spice leaching
      agent, fiber degreaser, fire extinguisher, analytical reagent, and in the preparation of chloroform
      and pharmaceuticals.
      15. Hydrogen Cyanide, formula: HCN, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the plasma dry etching
      process of semiconductor device preparation. It is used to prepare hydrocyanic acid solutions,
      metal cyanides, cyanogen chlorides, and as a synthetic intermediate for preparing acrylonitrile
      and its derivatives.
      16. Carbonyl Fluoride, formula: COF₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the plasma dry
      etching process of semiconductor device preparation. It is also used as a fluorinating agent.
      17. Carbonyl Sulfide, formula: COS, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as calibration gas. It is
      used in the ion implantation process of semiconductor device preparation. It is also used in the
      synthesis of some carboxyl groups, thiocarboxylic acids, thiocarbonates, and thiazoles.
      18. Hydrogen Iodide, formula: HI, purity > 99.95%, Application: Used in the ion implantation
      process of semiconductor device preparation. It is also used in the preparation of hydroiodic
      acid solutions.
      19. Hydrogen Bromide, formula: HBr, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the plasma dry etching
      process of semiconductor device preparation. It is used as a reducing agent and in the
      preparation of organic and inorganic bromine compounds.
      20. Silane, formula: SiH₄, purity > 99.999%, resistivity > 100Ω/cm², Application: Used in processes
      such as epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      21. Disilane, formula: Si₂H₆, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the chemical vapor deposition
      process of semiconductor device preparation.
      22. Phosphine, formula: PH₃, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as epitaxy,
      diffusion, chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor
      devices. A low - concentration gas mixture of phosphine and carbon dioxide can be used to kill
      insect eggs in granaries and prepare fire - resistant compounds.
      23. Arsine, formula: AsH₃, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as epitaxy,
      diffusion, chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor
      devices.
      24. Diborane, formula: B₂H₆, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used in processes such as epitaxy,
      diffusion, oxidation in the preparation of semiconductor devices. It is also used in some
      chemical industry synthesis processes, such as hydroboration reactions (to produce alcohols),
      organic function degradation, and in the preparation of higher - order borane derivatives and
      carborane compounds.
      25. Germane, formula: GeH₄, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as epitaxy
      and ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      26. Stibine, formula: SbH₃, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as epitaxy and
      ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      27. Tetraethoxysilane, formula: Si(OC₂H₅)₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the chemical
      vapor deposition process of semiconductor device preparation.
      28. Ethane, formula: C₂H₆, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas,
      online instrument standard gas. It is used in the plasma dry etching process of semiconductor
      device preparation. It is also used in the heat treatment of the metallurgical industry and in the
      chemical industry to prepare ethanol, ethylene glycol oxide, vinyl chloride, higher alcohols,
      acetaldehyde, etc.
      29. Propane, formula: C₃H₈, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas,
      online instrument standard gas. It is used in the plasma dry etching process of semiconductor
      device preparation. It is also used as fuel, refrigerant, and as a raw material for preparing
      ethylene and propylene.
      30. Hydrogen Selenide, formula: H₂Se, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as
      diffusion and ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      31. Hydrogen Telluride, formula: H₂Te, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as
      diffusion and ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      32. Dichlorosilane, formula: SiH₂Cl₂, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as
      epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      33. Trichlorosilane, formula: SiHCl₃, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such as
      epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      34. Dimethyl Telluride, formula: (CH₃)₂Te, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such
      as diffusion and ion implantation in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      35. Diethyl Telluride, formula: (C₂H₅)₂Te, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same as
      that of (34).
      36. Dimethyl Zinc, formula: (CH₃)₂Zn, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in the chemical vapor
      deposition process of semiconductor device preparation.
      37. Diethyl Zinc, formula: (C₂H₅)₂Zn, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same as that
      of (36).
      38. Phosphorus Trichloride, formula: PCl₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in processes such
      as diffusion, germanium epitaxial growth, and ion implantation in the preparation of
      semiconductor devices. It is a good chlorinating agent for organic compounds and is also used
      in the synthesis of phosphorus - containing organic compounds.
      39. Arsenic Trichloride, formula: AsCl₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the epitaxy and ion
      implantation processes of semiconductor device preparation.
      40. Boron Trichloride, formula: BCl₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching
      and diffusion. It serves as a boron carrier gas and a catalyst for some organic reactions. When
      refining magnesium, zinc, aluminum, and copper alloys, it is used to remove nitrogen, carbon,
      and oxygen compounds from molten metals.
      41. Silicon Tetrachloride, formula: SiCl₄, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in processes such
      as epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition in the preparation of semiconductor devices.
      42. Tin Tetrachloride, formula: SnCl₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in epitaxy and ion
      implantation.
      43. Germanium Tetrachloride, formula: GeCl₄, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in ion
      implantation.
      44. Titanium Tetrachloride, formula: TiCl₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in plasma dry
      etching.
      45. Phosphorus Pentachloride, formula: PCl₅, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in epitaxy and
      ion implantation.
      46. Antimony Pentachloride, formula: SbCl₅, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in epitaxy and
      ion implantation.
      47. Molybdenum Hexachloride, formula: MoCl₆, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in chemical
      vapor deposition.
      48. Boron Tribromide, formula: BBr₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the ion implantation
      process of semiconductor device preparation and in the production of optical fibers.
      49. Phosphorus Tribromide, formula: PBr₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in epitaxy and ion
      implantation.
      50. Phosphoryl Chloride, formula: POCl₃, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in the diffusion
      process.
      51. Boron Trifluoride, formula: BF₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in ion implantation. It can
      also serve as a carrier gas and a catalyst for some organic reactions. When refining magnesium,
      zinc, aluminum, and copper alloys, it is used to remove nitrogen, oxygen, and carbide
      compounds from molten metals.
      52. Phosphorus Trifluoride, formula: PF₃, purity > 99%, Application: Used in the epitaxy and ion
      implantation processes. It is also used as a fluorinating agent.
      53. Arsenic Trifluoride, formula: AsF₃, purity > 99.9%, Application: The usage is the same as that
      of (52).
      54. Xenon Difluoride, formula: XeF₂, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the epitaxy and ion
      implantation processes. It is used for the inspection of fixed - mold xenon and the determination
      of xenon in the exhaust gas of atomic reactors.
      55. Trifluorochloromethane, formula: CClF₃ (R - 13), purity > 99.995%, Application: Used in the
      plasma dry etching process. It can also be used as a refrigerant and in air - conditioning.
      56. Trifluoromethane, formula: CHF₃ (R - 23), purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in the plasma
      dry etching process. It is also used as a cryogenic refrigerant.
      57. Nitrogen Trifluoride, formula: NF₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the plasma dry
      etching process. It is also used as a rocket propellant and a fluorinating agent.
      58. Trifluorobromomethane, formula: CBrF₃ (R13B1), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the
      plasma dry etching process. It is also used in air - conditioning, cryogenic refrigeration, and as
      a fire extinguisher.
      59. Boron - 11 Trifluoride, formula: ¹¹B¹¹F₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the ion
      implantation process (Natural boron isotope contains 81% of ¹¹B and 19% of ¹⁰B. The sold ¹¹B
      is enriched with 96% isotope BF₃). It is also used in the production of optical fibers.
      60. Carbon Tetrafluoride, formula: CF₄ (R - 14), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the plasma
      dry etching process. It is used as a cryogenic fluid at very low temperatures and also as a neutral
      and inert gas.
      61. Sulfur Tetrafluoride, formula: SF₄, purity > 98%, Application: Used in the plasma dry etching
      process. It is also used as a fluorinating agent and a surface treatment agent.
      62. Silicon Tetrafluoride, formula: SiF₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the chemical vapor
      deposition process. It is used to prepare fluosilicic acid and its salts.
      63. Germanium Tetrafluoride, formula: GeF₄, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in ion
      implantation.
      64. Phosphorus Pentafluoride, formula: PF₅, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in ion implantation
      and plasma dry etching processes. It is used as a fluorinating agent and serves as a catalyst in
      polymerization, alkylation, dealkylation, and hydrocarbon cracking reactions.
      65. Chloropentafluoroethane, formula: C₂ClF₆ (R - 115), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the
      plasma dry etching process. It is used as a refrigerant and an aerosol propellant.
      66. Arsenic Pentafluoride, formula: AsF₅, purity > 99%, Application: Used in the epitaxy and ion
      implantation processes. It is used as a fluorinating agent.
      67. Hexafluoroethane, formula: C₂F₆ (R - 116), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the plasma
      dry etching process. It is used as a cooling, refrigerating agent, and in air - conditioning. It is a
      raw material for monomer production, a fluorine - adding agent in chemical reactions, and an
      insulating agent for electrical equipment.
      68. Sulfur Hexafluoride, formula: SF₆, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as a standard gas. It is
      used in the chemical vapor deposition process. Due to its high resistance under high voltage, it
      is used as an insulating agent for electrical equipment. It is also used as a leak - detection gas
      and as a carrier gas for chromatographs in laboratories.
      69. Tungsten Hexafluoride, formula: WF₆, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the chemical
      vapor deposition process. It is a strong fluorinating agent and is also used as a tungsten carrier.
      70. Hexafluorooxygene (the name might be incorrect, it should be checked in the original context),
      formula: (CF₃)₂O₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the plasma dry etching process.
      71. Hexafluoroacetone, formula: (CF₃)₂CO, purity > 99.99%, Application: The usage is the same
      as that of (70).
      72. Hexafluoroacetyl Oxide, formula: (CF₃CO)₂O, purity > 99.99%, Application: The usage is the
      same as that of (70).
      73. Rhenium Hexafluoride, formula: ReF₆, purity > 97%, Application: Used in the ion implantation
      process. It is used as a fluorinating agent.
      74. Octafluoropropane, formula: C₃F₈ (R - 218), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the plasma
      dry etching process. It is mixed with Freon as a refrigerant and is used as an insulating agent for
      high - voltage electricity.
      75. Octafluorocyclobutane, formula: C₄F₈ (RC318), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the
      plasma dry etching process. It is used as a cooling and refrigerating agent and as a gas insulator
      for electrical and electronic equipment.
      76. Dodecafluoropentane, formula: C₅F₁₂, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the plasma dry
      etching process. It can also be mixed with CF₄.
      77. Trimethylaluminum, formula: (CH₃)₃Al, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in the chemical
      vapor deposition process. It is used in the organic synthesis of metals.
      78. Trimethylgallium, formula: (CH₃)₃Ga, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same as
      that of (77).
      79. Trimethylantimony, formula: (CH₃)₃Sb, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same
      as that of (77).
      80. Trimethylindium, formula: (CH₃)₃In, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same as
      that of (77).
      81. Triethylaluminum, formula: (C₂H₅)₃Al, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same
      as that of (77).
      82. Triethylgallium, formula: (C₂H₅)₃Ga, purity > 99.999%, Application: The usage is the same as
      that of (77).
      83. Tetraethyllead, formula: (C₂H₅)₄Pb, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used in the chemical vapor
      deposition process.
      84. Acrylonitrile, formula: C₃H₃N, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the plasma dry etching
      process.
      85. 1,1,2 - Trichloroethylene, formula: C₂HCl₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas,
      calibration gas, medical gas. It is used in the thermal oxidation process of semiconductor device
      preparation. It is used as a metal degreaser and an extractant for fats, oils, paraffins, etc. It is
      also used in clothes dry - cleaning, as a refrigerant, and as a fungicide.
      86. Methane, formula: CH₄, purity 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas,
      online instrument standard gas. It is used as fuel and in gas batteries in spacecraft.
      87. Methanethiol, formula: CH₃SH, purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas. It is used in organic synthesis. It is used as a jet fuel additive, a fungicide, and an
      intermediate for methionine.
      88. Methylamine, formula: CH₃NH₂, purity > 99%, Application: Used in vulcanization accelerators,
      pharmaceuticals, dyes, and explosives. It is used as a solvent, in organic synthesis, and in the
      production of acetate rayon.
      89. Methanol, formula: CH₃OH, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas. When mixed
      with air, it is used as calibration gas. It is used in the preparation of formaldehyde and pesticides.
      It is used as an extractant for organic substances and as an alcohol denaturant.
      90. Dimethylamine, formula: (CH₃)₂NH, purity > 99%, Application: Used as an antioxidant. It is
      used as a flotation agent, a gasoline stabilizer, a rubber accelerator, etc. in solutions.
      91. Dimethyl Ether, formula: (CH₃)₂O, purity > 99.9%, Application: In the chemical industry, it is
      used in the preparation of synthetic rubber and methyl sulfide. It is used as a methylating agent,
      an extractant, a solvent, and also as a refrigerant.
      92. Acetylene, formula: C₂H₂, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas.
      It is an intermediate in the chemical industry, used for the preparation of ethylene, acetaldehyde,
      vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl ether, etc. It is used in atomic absorption spectroscopy.
      93. Ethylene, formula: C₂H₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as online instrument standard gas,
      standard gas, calibration gas. It is an important raw material in chemical industry synthesis, an
      intermediate for plastic production, and a raw material for the production of ethanol, acetic acid,
      ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, ethylbenzene, etc. It is also used in welding and cutting, as a
      refrigerant, and as an accelerator for the growth of certain fruits and vegetables.
      94. Ethylene Oxide, formula: C₂H₄O, purity 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas, medical gas. When mixed with CO₂, R11, R21, it is used as a disinfectant for cultural relic
      preservation, leather disinfection, and fabric cleaning. In the chemical industry, it is used as an
      intermediate for the production of liquid or solid polyethylene glycol and ethanolamines.
      95. Bromoethylene, formula: C₂H₃Br, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as an intermediate in
      organic synthesis. It is used to prepare plastics by polymerization and copolymerization
      methods.
      96. Ethylamine, formula: CH₃CH₂NH₂, purity > 99%, Application: The aqueous solution contains
      70% ethylamine. It is used as an intermediate in chemical industry preparation, such as for
      colorants, electroplating baths, vulcanization accelerators, etc. It is also used in pharmaceuticals,
      surfactants, and extractants.
      97. Tetrafluoroethylene, formula: C₂F₄, purity > 99%, Application: It is an important monomer in
      plastic production, such as for Teflon.
      98. Acetaldehyde, formula: CH₃CHO, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as calibration gas. It is
      used in the preparation of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, n - butanol, and synthetic
      resins.
      99. Dimethyldisulfide, formula: CH₃S₂CH₃, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as calibration gas
      and solvent.
      100. Dimethyl Sulfide, formula: CH₃SCH₃, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as calibration gas
      and solvent.
      101. Ethanol, formula: C₂H₅OH, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as calibration gas. It is used as
      a solvent and in the preparation of dyes, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic rubbers.
      102. Acetyl Chloride, formula: CH₃COCl, purity 99.99%, Application: Used as an acetylating
      agent and a chemical reagent.
      103. 1 - Hydroxyethylidene - 1,1 - bisphosphonic Acid (HEDPA), formula: C₂H₈P₂O₇, purity >
      99.99%, Application: Used in special washing, textile bleaching and separation agents,
      abrasives, and environmental sanitation. It is used as an anti - corrosion agent in oil and gas
      fields.
      104. Cyclopropane, formula: (CH₂)₃, purity > 99%, Application: Used in organic synthesis. It is
      used as an anesthetic in medicine.
      105. Methylacetylene, formula: C₃H₄, purity > 99%, Application: Used as online instrument
      standard gas, calibration gas. It is used for the preparation of acetone and as a synthetic
      intermediate in the chemical industry.
      106. Hexafluoroacetone, formula: CF₃COCF₃, purity > 99.9%, Application: It is a highly reactive
      gas. It often reacts with aliphatic ketones, and different products can be prepared from these
      ketones, such as stable liquids, solvents, cements, monomers, copolymers, as well as
      agricultural and pharmaceutical products.
      107. Trimethylamine, formula: (CH₃)₃N, purity > 99%, Application: Used as standard gas. A 25%
      solution of trimethylamine can be used for anti - histamine treatment. It is used as an
      intermediate in the chemical industry to produce surfactants such as pesticides, wetting agents,
      foaming agents, and synthetic resins.
      108. Propylene, formula: C₃H₆, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas,
      online instrument standard gas. In the chemical industry, it is used for the preparation of
      isopropanol, propylene oxide, oxy - alcohol classes, carbon tetrachloride, and polypropylene.
      109. Allene, formula: C₃H₄, purity 99%, Application: Used as online instrument standard gas. It is
      used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
      110. Propylene Oxide (1,2 - Epoxypropane), formula: C₃H₆O, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used
      in the preparation of propylene glycol and foam plastics. It is also a solvent for cellulose acetate,
      cellulose nitrate, and resins.
      111. Methyl Vinyl Ether, formula: CH₃OCH=CH₂, purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as standard
      gas. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and as a raw material for the production
      of plastics and synthetic resins and their copolymers.
      112. Hexafluoropropylene, formula: C₃F₆, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as an intermediate in
      organic synthesis.
      113. Propionyl Chloride, formula: CH₃CH₂COCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the
      preparation of hydrochloric acid and propionic acid. It is used as an oxidant.
      114. n - Butane, formula: C₄H₁₀, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas. It is used as fuel, mainly mixed with isobutane commercially. In the chemical industry, it
      is used as an intermediate for the preparation of ethylene, propylene, butene, etc. It is used as
      an aerosol propellant, filled into thermometer bulbs as a standard vapor - pressure - type pressure
      gauge, and mixed with helium as an ionization particle counter.
      115. Isobutane, formula: i - C₄H₁₀, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas. The usage is the same as that of (114).
      116. Ethylacetylene, formula: C₄H₆, purity > 99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas. It is used as a synthetic intermediate in the chemical industry.
      117. Cyclobutane, formula: (CH₂)₄, purity > 99%, Application: Used as a liquid solvent, or can be
      mixed with other solvents. It can also be used as a synthetic intermediate.
      118. 1 - Butene, formula: C₄H₈, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas.
      It is used as an intermediate for the preparation of organic compounds and can be catalytically
      dehydrogenated to produce butadiene.
      119. cis - 2 - Butene, formula: C₄H₈, purity > 99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas. It is used as an intermediate for the preparation of organic compounds. It can be
      catalytically dehydrogenated to produce butadiene and acid - sulfate, and can react with water
      to produce 2 - butanol. It can also be used as a solvent.
      120. trans - 2 - Butene, formula: C₄H₈, purity > 99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas. The usage is the same as that of (119).
      121. cis - and trans - 2 - Butene, formula: C₄H₈, purity > 99%, Application: Used as calibration gas.
      The usage is the same as that of (119).
      122. 1,3 - Butadiene, formula: C₄H₆, purity > 99%, Application: Used as calibration gas. It is used
      to produce synthetic rubbers, plastics, and resins by polymerization and copolymerization
      methods, and is used in the production of nylon - 66. It is also a component of rocket fuel.
      123. Isobutylene, formula: i - C₄H₈, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as calibration gas and for
      organic intermediates. It can be oxidized to produce acetone and formic acid, and can be
      catalytically converted to diisobutylene, etc. in the liquid or gas phase. It can also be used to
      prepare synthetic rubber, which has high acid and alkali resistance and is a good insulator.
      124. Octafluoro - 2 - butene, formula: C₄F₈ (perfluorobutene), purity > 99.5%, Application: Used
      as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
      125. Diethylmethylamine, formula: (CH₃)₂NC₂H₅, purity 99.99%, Application: Reacts violently
      upon contact with oxidants. When mixed with carbon dioxide and in the presence of mercury,
      it can cause an explosive reaction.
      126. n - Pentane, formula: C₅H₁₂, purity > 99%, Application: Used as standard gas and calibration
      gas. It is used as a solvent and a synthetic intermediate.
      127. Isopentane, formula: i - C₅H₁₂, purity > 99%, Application: Used as calibration gas. The usage
      is the same as that of (126).
      128. 2,2 - Dimethylpropane, formula: C₅H₁₂ (neopentane), purity > 99.9%, Application: It is a raw
      material for the production of isobutylene and is used in the production of synthetic butene
      rubber.
      129. 3 - Methyl - 1 - butene, formula: C₅H₁₀ (methylbutene), purity > 99.95%, Application: Used
      as an intermediate in organic synthesis. It is used to increase the octane number of fuels and in
      the polymerization of plastics.
      130. Pivaloyl Chloride, formula: (CH₃)₃CCOCl, purity > 99.99%, Application: It can be used to
      prepare hydrogen chloride and pivalic acid. It can react with strong oxidants.
      131. Benzene, formula: C₆H₆, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration gas,
      zero - point gas. It is a raw material for dyes, plastics, synthetic rubbers, synthetic resins,
      synthetic fibers, synthetic drugs, and pesticides.
      132. Hexane, formula: C₆H₁₄, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas and calibration
      gas. It is used as a solvent.
      133. Triethylaluminum Trichloride, formula: C₆H₁₅Al₂Cl₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used for
      synthetic intermediates. It is a catalyst for the polymerization of alkenes and the polymerization
      of aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives.
      134. Cyclohexane, formula: C₆H₁₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas. It is used
      to prepare cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, for the synthesis of nylon - 6. It is widely used as
      a solvent in the paint industry and is also an excellent solvent for resins, fats, paraffins, and oils.
      135. Adipoyl Chloride, formula: ClOC(CH₂)₄COCl, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used to prepare
      hydrogen chloride and adipic acid.
      136. Toluene, formula: C₇H₈, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as zero - point gas and calibration
      gas. It is used in the manufacture of saccharin, dyes, drugs, and explosives. It is also used as a
      solvent.
      137. Styrene, formula: C₈H₈, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as calibration gas. It is used in the
      production of resins, plastics, synthetic rubbers, etc.
      138. 2 - Ethylhexanoyl Chloride, formula: C₈H₁₅OCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: It can be used
      to prepare hydrogen chloride and 2 - ethylhexanoic acid.
      139. Octanoyl Chloride, formula: CH₃(CH₂)₆COCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: It is an oxidant.
      It can be used to prepare hydrochloric acid and octanoic acid.
      140. Aminoimidazolone, formula: C₉H₁₅N₃O₃, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a reducing
      agent.
      141. Nonanoyl Chloride, formula: C₁₀H₁₉OCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used to prepare
      hydrochloric acid and nonanoic acid.
      142. Neodecanoyl Chloride, formula: C₁₀H₁₉OCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used to prepare
      hydrochloric acid and neodecanoic acid.
      143. Triisobutylaluminum, formula: C₁₂H₂₇Al (TIBA), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used for
      synthetic intermediates. It is a catalyst for the polymerization of alkenes and dienes.
      144. Dodecanoyl Chloride, formula: CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used to
      prepare hydrochloric acid and lauric acid.
      145. Octadecanoyl Chloride, formula: CH₃(CH₂)₁₈COCl, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used to
      prepare hydrochloric acid and stearic acid.
      146. Phenolphthalein Yellow, formula: C₂₀H₁₄O₄, purity > 99.9%, Application: Medicinally used
      as a laxative.
      147. Air (or synthetic air, 21% O₂, 79% N₂), purity: Ultra - zero - grade air contains CnHm <
      0.1ppm, zero - grade air contains CnHm < 0.2ppm, Application: Used as zero - point gas. Zero
      - grade air is often used as an oxidant in the flame ionization detector of chromatographs and
      the total carbon analyzer.
      148. Para - hydrogen, formula: H₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as a rocket propellant. It is
      used in bubble chambers in the nuclear industry and in cryogenic liquids for cold - electron
      engineering in the research of solid - state circuits.
      149. Pure Water, formula: H₂O, purity > 99.9999%, Application: Used as standard gas and
      calibration gas.
      150. Neon, formula: Ne, purity > 99.999%, Application: Used as standard gas and special gas
      mixtures. It is used to fill incandescent lamps, electron tubes, signal lamps, for plasma research,
      in the starters of fluorescent lamps, spark chambers, Geiger - Müller tubes, lasers. It is also used
      as a cryogenic coolant.
      151. Krypton, formula: Kr, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used as standard gas, special gas
      mixtures, and in the bulb and electronics industry.
      152. Xenon, formula: Xe, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used as standard gas and special gas
      mixtures. It is used in electric light sources, the electronics industry, and for filling thyratrons
      and half - wave rectifier tubes.
      153. Bromine, formula: Br₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the chemical industry to prepare
      hydrogen bromide and other bromine compounds, as an oxidant, and as an experimental reagent.
      It is also used in the dye and photography industries.
      154. Ozone, formula: O₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as medical gas, for the disinfection
      of surgical equipment, the purification of human water and swimming pools, the treatment of
      industrial waste, and the disinfection of dirt. It is used for the bleaching of textile fibers, pulp,
      and sugars, the preparation of camphor, and the purification of mineral oils and their derivatives.
      155. Cyanogen, formula: C₂N₂, purity > 99%, Application: Used for welding and cutting heat -
      resistant metals. When mixed with oxidants, ozone, and fluorine, it is used as a rocket and
      missile propellant. It is used as a fumigant in medicine and as a medium in many organic
      syntheses.
      156. Cyanogen Chloride, formula: ClCN, purity > 99%, Application: Used in organic synthesis.
      When mixed with fumigation gases, it can be used as a heat source.
      157. Hydrogen Fluoride, formula: HF, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used to prepare fluorides and
      fluorine gas. It acts as a catalyst in isomerization, condensation, polymerization, drying,
      hydrolysis reactions, etc. It also serves as a fluorinating agent in some organic or inorganic
      reactions.
      158. Nitrosyl Chloride, formula: NOCl, purity > 99%, Application: Used for the diazotization,
      nitration, and chlorination of organic compounds. It is also used as a petroleum - ripening agent.
      159. Perfluorodichlorine Oxide, formula: ClO₃F, purity > 99%, Application: Used to be mixed with
      fluorohalogens to form a liquid oxidizer for rocket engines. It can also be used as a selective
      fluorinating agent for homologous compounds.
      160. Carbonyl Chloride (Phosgene), formula: COCl₂, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in organic
      synthesis such as for dyes, drugs, herbicides, pesticides, synthetic foams, resins, and
      polymerization. It is also used as a chlorinating agent.
      161. Sulfuryl Fluoride, formula: SOF₂, purity > 99.5%, Application: Used to prepare fluorocarbons.
      It is an excellent insecticidal fumigant, used for the fumigation of containers, crop seeds, forest
      tree seeds, the prevention and control of boring pests in warehouses, ancient buildings, garden
      fruit trees, and termites, as well as the protection of cultural relics and archives. It is also used
      as a catalyst.
      162. Nickel Carbonyl, formula: Ni(CO)₄, purity > 99.95%, Application: Used to prepare high -
      purity nickel. It can be used to make metal mirrors and very thin nickel foils. It is an effective
      catalyst in carbonization reactions.
      163. Iron Carbonyl, formula: Fe(CO)₅, purity > 99.95%, Application: Mainly used as a carrier for
      iron and as an anti - knock agent in gasoline.
      164. Phosphoric Acid, formula: H₃PO₄, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as calibration gas. It is
      used to produce phosphates, glycerol phosphate esters, ammonium phosphate fertilizers, and as
      a chemical reagent.
      165. Sodium Perxenate, formula: Na₄XeO₆ꞏ8H₂O, purity > 99.99%, Application: A strong oxidant
      that can be used to determine the mercury content in water.
      166. Carbon Monoxide, formula: CO, purity > 99.995%, Application: Used as standard gas,
      calibration gas, and online instrument standard gas. When mixed with hydrogen and other gases,
      it is used as fuel gas. It is used to recover nickel from ore sands containing iron, cobalt, and
      copper. It can also be used to prepare acids, ethers, and alcohol chemicals.
      167. Sulfur Dioxide, formula: SO₂, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used as standard gas, calibration
      gas, and online instrument standard gas. It is used for the preservation of beer, wine, and meat,
      the preparation of sulfides and oxysulfides, as a bleaching agent for oils and foods, the
      preparation of sulfite pulp, and as a coolant in the ice - making industry.
      168. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂(N₂O₄)), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas. It is used
      as a catalyst for some oxidation reactions. It is used to prevent polymerization during the
      distillation of acrylate salts, and as a nitrating agent, oxidant, rocket fuel, and flour bleaching
      agent for organic compounds.
      169. Oxygen Difluoride, formula: OF₂, purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as an oxidant. It is a
      component of high - energy rocket propellant systems.
      170. Dinitrogen Trioxide, formula: N₂O₃, purity > 99.5%, Application: It combines with alkalis to
      form soda nitrites. It is used as an oxidant in special fuel systems and for the identification of
      terpenes.
      171. Xenon Trioxide, formula: XeO₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used to determine the content
      of oxidizing solutions through redox substitution (Xe6→Xe0).
      172. Sulfur Trioxide, formula: SO₃, purity > 99.99%, Application: Used in the chemical industry
      to prepare sulfuric acid and fuming sulfuric acid. It is a sulfonating agent and is also used in the
      dye industry.
      173. Chlorine Trifluoride, formula: ClF₃, purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as a rocket and missile
      propellant. When it comes into contact with fuel, it can immediately start the reaction (due to
      its spontaneous reactivity). It is also used as an oil - well pipeline cutter, and can cut pipes up
      to 2 kilometers deep.
      174. Bromine Pentafluoride, formula: BrF₅, purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as a fluorinating
      agent and an electrolytic solvent. It is also used as a rocket and missile propellant.
      175. Tetrafluorohydrazine, formula: N₂F₄, purity > 99.9%, Application: A strong oxidant that can
      be used to prepare nitrogen trifluoride.
      176. Xenon Tetrafluoride, formula: XeF₄, purity > 99.9%, Application: It can be used to prepare
      perxenate compounds and xenon trioxide solutions.
      177. Bromine Pentafluoride, formula: BrF₅, purity > 99%, Application: Used as a fluorinating agent.
      It is also used as a rocket and missile propellant.
      178. Chlorine Pentafluoride, formula: ClF₅, purity > 99%, Application: A strong oxidant with less
      corrosiveness than chlorine trifluoride. It can be used to prepare organic and inorganic fluorides
      and can be used as a combustion - supporting agent for space propulsion devices.
      179. Iodine Pentafluoride, formula: IF₅, purity > 99%, Application: Used as a fluorinating agent
      and a combustion agent.
      180. Molybdenum Hexafluoride, formula: MoF₆, purity > 99.9%, Application: A strong
      fluorinating agent, also used as a carrier for molybdenum.
      181. Tellurium Hexafluoride, formula: TeF₆, purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a fluorinating
      agent and a carrier for tellurium.
      182. Trichlorofluoromethane (R11 - CCl₃F), purity > 99.95%, Application: Used in the
      refrigeration industry, air - conditioning, as a solvent, for ice rinks, brine and seawater
      installations, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, leak detection, and dry cleaning of textiles.
      183. Dichlorodifluoromethane (R12 - CCl₂F₂), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as standard gas
      and calibration gas. It is used in low - temperature air - conditioning, food storage, the
      refrigeration industry, aerosol propellants, leak detection, expansion agents, and gas - phase
      insulation materials.
      184. Bromochlorodifluoromethane (R12B1 - CBrClF₂), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in the
      production of petroleum, acetone, and carbon disulfide. It is used as a fire - extinguishing agent
      for electrical fires.
      185. Dibromodifluoromethane (R12B2 - CBr₂F₂), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used for rapid
      polymerization. It is used as a fire - extinguishing agent.
      186. Chlorodifluoromethane (R21 - CHCl₂F), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used for air -
      conditioning in hot climates, as a refrigerant, a solvent, an aerosol propellant, and a chemical
      medium.
      187. Chlorodifluoromethane (R22 - CHClF₂), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used for cooling and
      air - conditioning. It can be used as an aerosol propellant in special low - temperature spray
      situations. It is used in the production of fluoropolymers and for leak detection.
      188. Difluoromethane (R32 - CH₂F₂), purity > 99%, Application: Used as a refrigerant. When
      mixed with chloropentafluoroethane (R115), it forms an azeotropic mixture refrigerant.
      189. Chloromethane (R40 - CH₃Cl), purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as a refrigerant, for local
      anesthesia treatment. It is used as a propellant gas in the aerosol industry, as a methylating agent
      in organic synthesis, and as a solvent or extractant.
      190. Bromomethane (R40B1 - CH₃Br), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a methylating agent
      in organic synthesis (for colorants). It is used as a low - temperature solvent and refrigerant, and
      for the fumigation of soil and seeds.
      191. Fluoromethane (R41 - CH₃F), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a non - flammable aerosol
      propellant in mixtures.
      192. 1,1,2 - Trichlorotrifluoroethane (R113 - C₂Cl₂F₃, commonly known as TTE), purity > 99.9%,
      Application: Used as a refrigerant and heat - transfer medium. It is used as an intermediate for
      the preparation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (R1113).
      193. 1,2 - Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R114 - C₂Cl₂F₄), purity > 99%, Application: Used for
      refrigeration, cooling, and air - conditioning. When mixed with dichlorodifluoromethane (R12)
      alone, it is used as a cosmetic aerosol propellant.
      194. 1,2 - Dibromotetrafluoroethane (R114B2 - C₂Br₂F₄), purity > 99.5%, Application: Used as a
      solvent and fire - extinguishing agent. It is used as an aerosol propellant when mixed with other
      fluorocarbons.
      195. Chloropentafluoroethane (R115 - C₂ClF₅), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a refrigerant
      and aerosol propellant.
      196. Chlorodifluoroethane (R142B - C₂H₃ClF₂), purity > 99%, Application: Used as a refrigerant
      and solvent. It is used as an aerosol propellant when mixed with non - flammable halocarbons.
      197. Trifluoroethane (R143 - C₂H₃F₃), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a refrigerant.
      198. 1,1 - Difluoroethane (R152A - C₂H₄F₂), purity > 99%, Application: Used as a refrigerant,
      aerosol propellant, and as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
      199. Chloroethane (R160 - C₂H₃Cl), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used for local anesthesia in
      medical treatment, especially in surgical and dermatological spray applications. It is used as an
      ethylating agent, refrigerant, solvent, and in the production of pesticides in the dye industry.
      200. Fluoroethane (R161 - C₂ H ₅ F), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used for the synthesis of
      intermediate media.
      201. Azeotropic mixture of R - 12 and R152A (R500 - CCl₂F₂/C₂H₄ F₂), purity > 99.9%,
      Application: Used as a refrigerant and for air - conditioning.
      202. Azeotropic mixture of R - 22 and R115 (R502 - CHClF₂/C₂H₄F₂), purity > 99.9%, Application:
      Used as a refrigerant, for air - conditioning, and for spraying.
      203. Azeotropic mixture of R - 23 and R13 (R503 - CClF₃/CHF₃), purity > 99.9%, Application:
      Used as a refrigerant and for air - conditioning.
      204. Perfluorobutane (R601 - C₄F₁₀), purity > 99%, Application: Used as an insulating gas.
      205. Chlorotrifluoroethylene (R1113 - C ₂ ClF ₃ ), purity > 99%, Application: Used for the
      preparation of polymerization agents for greases, oils, waxes, and plastics. It is the monomer of
      polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
      206. Bromotrifluoroethylene (R113B1 - C ₂ BrF ₃ ), purity > 99%, Application: Used in
      polymerization reactions and as a chemical intermediate.
      207. Difluorochloroethylene (R1122 - C ₂ HClF ₂ ), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as an
      intermediate in chemical synthesis.
      208. 1,1 - Difluoroethylene (R1132A - C₂H₂F₂), purity > 99%, Application: It is an important
      monomer used in the production of plastics and elastomers.
      209. Vinyl Chloride (R1140 - C₂H₃Cl), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a standard gas. It is
      used as a polymerization agent and an intermediate in organic synthesis.
      210. Vinyl Fluoride (R1140 - C₂H₃F), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a polymerization agent
      and an intermediate in organic synthesis.
      211. Helium - 3 (³He), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used to fill counting tubes. It is used as an
      ultra - low - temperature cold source for dilution refrigerators, which can reach 4.5×10⁻³K.
      212. Helium - 4 (⁴He), purity > 99.99%, Application: It can be used as a pressure - conveying gas
      for low - temperature rocket fuels in space applications, heavy water in nuclear reactors, and all
      normal - and low - temperature liquids.
      213. Deuterium (D₂), purity > 99.95%, Application: In nuclear industry research, it is used as a
      projectile in deuteron accelerators. When emitting γ - ray energy, it serves as a neutron source.
      It can be used as a tracer in the study of chemical reactions, including hydrogen - containing
      compounds. It is used for the production of heavy water (D₂O).
      214. Tritium (T₂), purity > 99.95%, Application: Used as a standard gas, with a control of 1000
      microcuries per liter. It has high reactivity. When mixed with neon and argon as a carrier gas, it
      can be used to detect trace amounts of nitrogen and other rare gases.
      215. Oxygen - 18 (¹⁸O₂), purity > 99%, Application: It can be used to prepare H₂¹⁸O, D₂¹⁸O, and
      S¹⁸O₂.
      216. Nitrogen - 15 (¹⁵N₂), purity > 99%, Application: It can be used to prepare ¹⁵NH₃, ¹⁶NO, ¹
      ⁵NO, etc.
      217. Argon - 36 (³⁶Ar), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used for metrological values.
      218. Argon - 40 (⁴⁰Ar), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used for metrological values.
      219. Neon - 20 (²⁰Ne), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used for metrological values.
      220. Neon - 22 (²²Ne), purity > 99.99%, Application: Used for metrological values.
      221. Krypton - 85 (⁸⁵Kr), purity > 99.99%, Application: Standard gas, with a control of 10
      microcuries per liter, used to fill light bulbs.
      222. Krypton - 86 (⁸⁶Kr), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used as a standard gas.
      223. Xenon - 133 (¹³³Xe), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used to fill light bulbs.
      224. Carbon - 13 (¹³C), purity > 99%, Application: It can be used to prepare ¹³CO₂, ¹³C₆H₈, ¹
      ³CO, ¹³COS, ¹³C₂H₄, etc.
      225. Carbon - 14 (¹⁴C), purity > 99%, Application: Used as a standard gas, with a control of 100
      microcuries per liter.
      226. Carbon - 18 (¹⁸C), purity > 99%, Application: It can be used to prepare C¹⁸O₂ and C¹⁸O.
      227. Sulfur - 35 (³⁵S), purity > 99%, Application: Used as a standard gas, with a control of 100
      microcuries per liter.
      228. Trichloromethane (CHCl₃), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching.
      229. Trichloroethane (C₂HCl₃), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in thermal oxidation.
      230. Dimethyldichlorosilane ((CH₃)₂SiHCl₂), purity > 96%, Application: Used in epitaxy and
      chemical vapor deposition.
      231. Dimethylchlorosilane ((CH ₃ ) ₂ SiHCl), purity > 96%, Application: Used in epitaxy and
      chemical vapor deposition.
      232. Trimethylchlorosilane ((CH₃)₃SiCl), purity > 95%, Application: Used in epitaxy and chemical
      vapor deposition.
      233. Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (C₂Cl₄F₂), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching.
      234. Hexafluorosilicon (SiF₆), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching.
      235. Octafluoromethane (CF₄, note: CF₈ might be a mistake, it should probably be CF₄), purity >
      99.9%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching.
      236. Isodecafluorobutane (i - C₄F₁₀), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching.
      237. Dodecafluoroethane (C₂F₁₂), purity > 99.9%, Application: Used in plasma dry etching.
      238. Vinyl Methyl Ether (C₃H₄O, note: C₃H₃O might be a mistake, it should probably be C₃H
      ₄O), purity > 99.5%, Application: Information not provided in the original text about its specific
      application.
      239. Vinylacetylene (CH₂CHC≡CH), purity > 50%, Application: No more specific application
      information is available (not detailed in the document).
      240. Dimethylcadmium ((CH₃)₂Cd), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      241. Diethylcadmium ((C₂H₅)₂Cd), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      242. Tetramethyltin ((CH₃)₄Sn), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      243. Tetraethyltin ((C₂H₅)₄Sn, there was an error as (C₂H₅)Sn in the original document), purity >
      99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in MOCVD.
      244. Trimethylarsine ((CH₃)₃As), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      245. Triethylarsine ((C₂H₅)₃As), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      246. Triethylantimony ((C₂H₅)₃Sb), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      247. Diethylindium ((C₂H₅)₂In), purity > 99.9999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      248. Dimethylindium ((CH₃)₂In), purity > 99.9999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      249. Diethylmagnesium ((C₂H₅)₂Mg), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      250. Dimethylmercury ((CH₃)₂Hg), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      251. Diethylmercury ((C₂H₅)₂Hg), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      252. Trimethylphosphine ((CH₃)₃P), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      253. Triethylphosphine ((C₂H₅)₃P), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used in
      MOCVD.
      254. Triisobutylaluminum ((i - C₄H₉)₃Al), purity > 99.9999%, Application: Electronic gas, used
      in MOCVD.
      255. Trisilane (Si₃H₈), purity > 99%, Application: Electronic gas, used in CVD.
      256. Aluminum Trichloride (AlCl₃), purity > 99.999%, Application: Electronic gas, used for
      epitaxy.
      257. Tantalum Pentafluoride (TaF₅), purity > 99.9%, Application: Electronic gas, used for ion
      implantation.
      258. Thallium Pentafluoride (TlF₅), purity > 99.9%, Application: Electronic gas, used for ion
      implantation.
      259. Vinyl Chloride (C₂H₃Cl), purity 99.9%, Application: Calibration gas; used as a refrigerant.
      260. Vinyl Fluoride (C₂H₃F), purity > 99.9%, Application: Calibration gas; used for the
      production of copolymers of polyethylene resin and other monomers.

      View detailsSafety management policy

      Company Safety and Emergency Management Policy

      The company adheres to a safety policy prioritizing "safety first, prevention foremost; targeted inspections, comprehensive governance; century-long vision, quality as the foundation." We continuously enhance employees' self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities, promote the development of a comprehensive emergency management system through multiple channels, and strive to prevent and minimize the occurrence and impact of various emergencies to the greatest extent. Our goals are to achieve no accidents, no harm to human health, no environmental damage, and full compliance with national laws, regulations, and safe operating procedures.


      I. Company Emergency Management Structure and Responsible Personnel

      The company has established a Safety Management Office responsible for overseeing production safety and emergency management affairs. The office head serves as the direct responsible person for company safety management, emergency management, and production safety. Safety management follows the "Five Simultaneous Principles": planning, deployment, inspection, review, and evaluation are conducted concurrently.

      ---

      II. Safety Management Systems and Emergency Plans

      1. Emergency Systems and Teams
         The company has established an emergency accident handling system, developed accident rescue emergency plans, and set up a hidden risk emergency management system. By identifying internal and external accident factors and risk levels within the facility, we have clarified the handling procedures for various incidents and built a "Four-Capable" emergency rescue team: one with command, organization, practical skills, and combat strength.

      2. Emergency Drills
         The Safety Management Office organizes annual emergency drills (at least once per year) for scenarios such as cryogenic liquid leaks, fire incidents, and toxic gas leaks. Through hands-on practice with emergency plans, employees gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of critical actions, including emergency measures during safety incidents, fire escape techniques, evacuation organization, accident reporting, and external assistance requests.

      3. Monthly Safety Inspections
         Monthly safety hazard inspections are conducted, following a "one inspection, one remediation, one report" cycle. Identified hazards are recorded, and the Safety Management Office collaborates with safety personnel, engineering technicians, and responsible department heads to assess, classify, and analyze the causes of these hazards. Based on the "Four No-Let-Go Principles" (no passing without identifying the cause, assigning responsibility, educating those involved, and implementing corrective measures), corresponding response strategies and remediation plans are proposed. Resources are mobilized for timely rectification to ensure no lingering risks remain.

      4. Safety Assurance Measures
         - Firefighting equipment and facilities are inspected monthly.
         - Gas concentration detectors are tested annually.
         - Hot work and hazardous operations require an approval system.

      5. Safety in Construction Projects
         For new construction, renovations, or expansions involving hazardous chemicals, the main project and safety facilities adhere to the "Three Simultaneous Principles": simultaneous design, construction, and commissioning.


      III. Emergency Response Teams and Reserve Supplies

      1. Emergency Response Command Structure
         The company’s Emergency Rescue Command Center includes:  
         - One Commander-in-Chief  
         - One Deputy Commander-in-Chief  
         - Two Technical Team Members  
         - Other Emergency Response Teams:  
           1) External Communication Team  
           2) Alert and Evacuation Team  
           3) Gas Leak Emergency Response Team  
           4) Firefighting and Rescue Team  
           5) Equipment and Power Repair Team  
           6) Transport and Medical Rescue Team  

      2. Emergency Equipment and Supplies
         The company is equipped with dedicated safety protection facilities, including: firefighting equipment, safety protective gear, positive pressure oxygen respirators, gas masks, anti-freeze clothing, leak sealing tools, medical stretchers, etc.


       IV. Safety Management Training and Awareness

      1. Safety Personnel Training
         Annual training and certification are arranged for safety officers.

      2. Employee Skill Development
         Each year, the company organizes new employees for hands-on training in operating firefighting equipment, mastering the use of various firefighting tools, and correctly handling specialized safety protective facilities and equipment.

      3. Daily Safety Awareness
         In routine production activities, we strengthen safety awareness training and require strict adherence to the company’s safety production systems and operating procedures. Safety concepts such as "Safety in Production, Prevention First" and "Safety in Production, Everyone’s Responsibility" are deeply ingrained in employees’ minds.


      View detailsHydrogen

      Hydrogen Information


      Chinese Name: Pure Hydrogen (99.99%); Liquid Hydrogen; High-Purity Hydrogen; Compressed Hydrogen Gas
      English Name: Hydrogen
      English Aliases: Compressed Hydrogen; Molecular Hydrogen


      CAS Number: 1333-74-0
      EINECS Number: 215-605-7
      Molecular Formula: H₂
      Molecular Weight: 2.0157


      Isotopes


      • Naturally Occurring Isotopes:
        • H¹ (Protium, 氕)

        • H² (Deuterium, 氘 , Heavy Hydrogen)

        • H³ (Tritium, 氚 , Superheavy Hydrogen)


      • Artificially Synthesized Isotopes: Hydrogen-4, Hydrogen-5, Hydrogen-6, Hydrogen-7

      Hydrogen is the earliest formed element, accounting for approximately 90% of the universe's elemental abundance. However, it rarely exists as elemental hydrogen gas (H₂) in nature.


      Safety Precautions


      • Deuterium (Heavy Hydrogen): Non-toxic but has asphyxiating properties.

      • Hydrogen Gas: Highly flammable and explosive. If combustion produces a loud popping sound, it indicates impure hydrogen. It is extremely prone to explosions.

      Due to these risks, sufficient attention must be given to its handling. For additional details, refer to hydrogen-related safety guidelines.



      View detailsMethane gas

      1. Aliases and English Name


      • Chinese Alias: 沼气 (Biogas)

      • English Name: Methane

      • English Alias: None specified


      2. Applications


      Methane serves as a versatile raw material and energy source, including:


      • Fuel

      • Standard gas

      • Calibration gas

      • Production of solar cells and amorphous silicon films

      • Raw material for manufacturing acetylene, hydrogen, ammonia, carbon black, methyl compounds, carbon disulfide, hydrocyanic acid, and more


      3. Physical Properties


      • Appearance: Methane is a colorless, odorless gas.

      • Weight Ratio to Air: 0.54 (approximately half the weight of air).

      • Solubility: Very low solubility in water; at 20°C and 0.1 kPa, 100 units of water dissolve 3 units of methane by volume.

      • Combustion: Burns with a bright, pale blue flame.

      • National Standard Code: 21007

      • Melting Point: -182.5°C

      • Boiling Point: -161.5°C

      • Vapor Pressure: 53.32 kPa at -168.8°C

      • Saturated Vapor Pressure: 53.32 kPa (-168.8°C)

      • Relative Density (Water = 1): 0.42 (-164°C)

      • Relative Vapor Density (Air = 1): 0.5548 (at 273.15 K and 101,325 Pa)

      • Heat of Combustion: 890.31 kJ/mol

      • Gross Heating Value: 55,900 kJ/kg (40,020 kJ/m³)

      • Net Heating Value: 50,200 kJ/kg (35,900 kJ/m³)

      • Critical Temperature: -82.6°C

      • Critical Pressure: 4.59 MPa

      • Explosive Limits (% V/V):
        • Upper Limit: 15.4%

        • Lower Limit: 5.0%


      • Flash Point: -188°C

      • Ignition Temperature: 538°C

      • Molecular Diameter: 0.414 nm

      • Density (Standard Conditions): 0.717 g/L, extremely insoluble in water [1]


      4. Toxicity


      • Rat Inhalation LC50: 400 ppm

      • Effects on Humans: Methane itself has no specific toxic effects on the human body but can cause narcotic effects at high concentrations. High levels in the air can lead to oxygen deficiency, asphyxiation, and poisoning symptoms.
        • At concentrations above 10%, it may cause a sensation of pressure in the eyes and forehead.

        • At higher concentrations, symptoms include rapid breathing, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and other signs of asphyxiation, potentially leading to loss of consciousness.


      • First Aid:
        • Immediately move affected individuals to an uncontaminated area, ensure they rest, and keep them warm and comfortable.

        • If breathing is weak or stops, provide oxygen or perform artificial respiration immediately.

        • Seek medical attention promptly.



      5. Safety Precautions


      • Equipment Sealing: Equipment must be tightly sealed; leaks can be detected using soapy water. For methane, its explosiveness poses a greater risk than its toxicity.

      • Material Compatibility:
        • Methane is non-corrosive and compatible with all common metals.

        • For liquid methane: Use iron alloys with 5%-9% nickel, austenitic steel with 37% or 9% nickel and 19% chromium, or aluminum alloys with 11% chromium and 3.9% magnesium.

        • Compatible non-metallic materials include cellulose acetate, nylon, phenol formaldehyde, phenol furan, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PVC acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, diethanol polymer, nitrile rubber, neoprene, and Hypalon.


      • Firefighting: In case of fire, use water mist, foam, carbon dioxide, or preferably dry powder extinguishers.

      • Leak Handling:
        • For leaking gas, use forced ventilation to reduce concentration below the explosive range.

        • If a leaking cylinder cannot be sealed, transfer it to an open area to vent safely or attach an appropriate burner to combust the gas.



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